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Climate & policy

The science of warming and the treaties that followed.

8 articles

Smokestacks of the Huntley Generating Station, a coal plant on the Niagara River in Tonawanda, New York

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How carbon pricing works around the world in 2026

See how carbon pricing works, from carbon taxes to cap-and-trade markets, plus current US and EU allowance prices and why the US has no federal one.

An oil refinery at Anacortes, Washington

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How big are fossil fuel subsidies in the US and worldwide

Worldwide fossil fuel subsidies hit $620 billion in 2023 under the IEA, or $7 trillion under the IMF, plus what US oil and gas tax breaks cost.

The Le Bourget conference center outside Paris during the COP21 climate summit in 2015

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What the UN climate summits have achieved since Copenhagen

COP30 closed in Belém without a binding fossil fuel deal. See what the UN climate summits have delivered since Copenhagen, and what comes next.

Small ground-mounted solar arrays on a farm property

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How much money is going into clean energy now

Renewable energy investment is part of the $2.2 trillion that went into clean energy in 2025, almost twice fossil fuel spending. See where it went.

NOAA Mauna Loa Observatory in Hawaii, where atmospheric carbon dioxide has been measured since the 1950s

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How do we know humans are causing climate change?

Is climate change caused by humans? Yes. NOAA and IPCC data show how scientists know, from record heat to a fossil fuel fingerprint in the air.

Main entrance of the EPA headquarters in the William Jefferson Clinton Building in Washington, DC

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What happened to the EPA’s Clean Power Plan

The Clean Power Plan set a 32% emissions target for 2030, but courts stalled it before EPA repealed it, and federal power plant carbon rules keep changing.

The COP21 climate summit venue and pavilions at Le Bourget, near Paris

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What is Article 6 of the Paris Agreement?

Article 6 of the Paris Agreement lets countries meet their climate targets by trading verified emissions cuts with each other, or by…

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Why banks finance fossil fuels

Banks finance fossil fuel companies because oil, gas and coal producers borrow and sell bonds like any other big company, and in…